Yoshinori Hayakawa
Toin University of Yokohama, Japan
Title: Abnormal weather by hot seawater mainly due to thermal pollution by power plants
Biography
Biography: Yoshinori Hayakawa
Abstract
The temperature rise of seawater is the main course of abnormal weather.
Waste heat of power plants raise the seawater reported by governmental office of USA.
First, the sea surface temperature increased 0.077°C in ten years averaged over world oceans. 1.0x103 is written 1.0E3.
The total Waste heat is 1.1E21J
The total world ocean amount down to 100 meters is 3.6E19 kg.
The specific heat of water is 4.2kJ/kg=4.2E3J/kg.
From above data the seawater temperature rise is 0.07°C per 10 years. Total world oceans water down to 100meters is 3.6E19 kg.
Seawater temperature rise is 7.2 E-3°C per year, that is 0.07°C per ten years, approximately equal to the reported value.
Below is the detail of calculation.
From 1901 through 2015, Sea surface temperature rose at an average rate of 0.13°F (0.07°C) per decade. The total waste energy lost by waste heat is 1.1E21J.
PWR and BWR have an overall efficiency of about 33%. For a modern coal fired plant the efficiency is about 40%.1.0TWh=1.0E10x1.0J/sx3600s=3.6E13J
Coal and Coal products 9523,531TWh
Natural gas 5543,363TWh
Oil products 842,835TWh
Biofuels and waste 528,052TWh
Subtotal 16437781TWh Waste heat (0.60/0.40)x16437781x3.6E13J=8.9E20J
Nuclear 2571,365TWh
Waste heat (0.67/0.33)x2571,365x3.6E13=1.9E20J
Total Waste heat =1.1E21J
1000 kg/m3=1.0E3kg/(mxmxm))
Specific heat of water
4.2kJ/kg=4.2E3J/kg
The total area of the oceans is 3.6E8 square kilometers. Ocean water weight down to 100m is 3.6E19 kg.
Temperature rise by waste heat during one year 1.1E21J/(3.6E19 kgx4.2E3J/kg)=7.2 E-3°C
in 10 years 0.072°C temperature rise of seawater down to 100m deep.