Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Venkatachalam Ramaswamy
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA
Keynote: The earth’s variable and changing climate system: Past to present to future
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
Venkatachalam Ramaswamy is the Director of NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and Professor in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program at Princeton University. He has completed his PhD in Atmospheric Sciences from the State University of New York at Albany. His research interests are the mathematical modeling of the global climate system, advancing the understanding of atmospheric physics and chemistry and investigating the climatic variations and changes due to natural and human-influenced factors. He directs one of the world’s premier climate research and modeling centers with the goal to develop advanced numerical models for understanding weather and climate. He has published over 160 papers on atmospheric sciences and climate in refereed journals and has been a lead author on several international and national scientific assessments e.g., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He was a Member of the IPCC team and was a co-recipient of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.
Abstract:
The Earth’s climatic system comprises the components of atmosphere, oceans, land and ice. The processes occurring in the system and the interactions across the components, yields the climate as we know it. Climate comprises an array of variables, with the most commonly known and experienced temperature at all heights in the atmosphere and depths in the ocean and precipitation including vapor, liquid and solid forms. These are linked to factors such as atmospheric composition in the form of gases, aerosols and clouds, winds at different altitudes in the atmosphere, salinity in the oceans, land-surface vegetation and soil features, ice on the surface of the land and oceans and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Observations from different platforms, together with mathematical modeling governed by laws of physics and chemistry, form the basis of a robust understanding of the Earth’s climate system. In the Industrial era (since 1860), human influences such as emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases and aerosols have affected the planet’s climate, competing with or even dominating over periods the natural drivers of climate change such as solar irradiance changes, volcanic eruptions and internal variability. Observations over the 20th century reveal that several climate variables of direct interest to society have undergone substantial changes e.g., temperature, rainfall and sea-level. Using the NOAA/GFDL state-of-the-art global climate model, numerical simulations of climate change are conducted. These results enable us to analyze the mechanisms that have forced changes in climate. The degree to which the observed phenomena and changes in temperature and rainfall over the different continents can be explained constitutes an advance of the frontiers of knowledge. The detection and attribution of climate changes over the past century establish the foundation for making credible projections of climate e.g., forecasting the extremes and/or shifts in climate over the 21st century including characterization of uncertainties.
Keynote Forum
Bin Yu
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada
Keynote: Relationship between North American winter temperature and large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies and its decadal variation
Time : 10:30-11:15
Biography:
Bin Yu is a Research Scientist at the Climate Research Division of Environment and Climate Change in Canada. His research interest involves climate variability and climate change, climate sensitivity and feedback, atmospheric circulation and teleconnection and tropical meteorology.
Abstract:
The interannual relationship between North American (NA) winter temperature and large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies and its decadal variation are analyzed. NA temperature anomalies are dominated by two leading maximum covariance analysis (MCA) modes of NA surface temperature and Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential anomalies. A new teleconnection index, termed the Asian-Bering-North American (ABNA) pattern is constructed from the normalized geopotential field after linearly removing the contribution of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. The ABNA pattern is sustained by synoptic eddy forcing. The first MCA mode of NA surface temperature is highly correlated with the PNA and ABNA teleconnections and the second mode with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This indicates that NA temperature is largely controlled by these three large-scale atmospheric patterns, i.e., the PNA, ABNA and NAO. These temperature-circulation relationships appear stationary in the 20th century.
Keynote Forum
Ji Whan Ahn
Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, South Korea
Keynote: Carbon resource recycling appropriate technology for sustainable solutions of climate change and water resources
Time : 11:30-12:15
Biography:
Ji Whan Ahn has completed her BS, MS and PhD degrees in Mining and Minerals Engineering from Inha University and she has another Master’s degree in Resources Environmental Economics from Yonsei University. Currently she is working as an Executive Director in Carbon Resource Recycling Appropriate Technology Center, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, President for Korea Institute of Limestone & Advanced Materials, Chairperson and Vice President of Korea Institute of Resources and Recycling. She is the Representative for ISO 102 (Iron Ore) from South Korea. She has published more than 175 papers, 716 proceedings papers/conference presentations and 71 patents. She has received many awards for her research excellence which include: National Science Merit (Presidential Citation Award), The Excellent Research award from Ministry of Knowledge Economy and The First Women Ceramist award, etc.
Abstract:
Currently, global warming is an emerging issue to all over the world. The goal of reducing our greenhouse gas emissions gives us an opportunity to search for a new solution. Carbon capture utilization and storage technology is a significant world top technology tool to reduce and utilization of CO2. In Korea, a new “21C Frontier Project” started and established a Center for Resource Recycling working on CCUS. This research results revealed that demonstration/commercialization of two technologies such as low carbon green cement and in situ PCC waste paper recycling technology. In 2012 DOE started a coordinated updates of “Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage” potential across over United States and MIT suggested green concrete/cement manufacture is one of the top 10 emerging technologies in 2010. In Korea, carbon mineralization technology is the center of excellent, could start a new CDM model, carbon credits and recycling of waste resources for resource security strategy. CO2 is utilized for green algae removal, human waste water recycling and hard water treatment by using carbonation process. The developed technology provides the solution for urban mine recycling such as critical elements extraction from waste mineral, manufacture of green cement, permeable concrete for smart city, carbonated materials for mining backfill and sink holes and precipitated calcium carbonates as advanced materials for light weight plastics. The carbon resources recycling appropriate technologies are the real solutions for sustainable climate change.
Keynote Forum
George Chilingar
University of Southern California, USA
Keynote: Ozone holes
Time : 12:15-13:00
Biography:
George Chilingar is an American-Armenian Professor of Civil and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC). He has received his Bachelor’s degree and Master’s degree in Petroleum Engineering and PhD in Geology, all at USC. He has published 72 books and over 500 articles on geology, petroleum engineering and environmental engineering.
Abstract:
The writers prove that the generation of ozone is an effect (not the cause) of ultraviolet adsorption. Variations in the ozone concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere are attributed to the natural forces and not anthropogenic activities. The ozone holes, is a good example of a pseudoscientific problem which was invented for the public. The adsorption of solar UVR occurs due to dissociation of oxygen and nitrogen molecules to a ton. Unfortunately, anthropogenic causes were blamed for the formation and evolution of ozone holes. Refrigeration industry and aerosol canned products, using the easily liquefiable frozen gas were blamed, without any verification. For example, why the most widespread and deepest ozone holes are observed in Southern Hemisphere (Antarctica)? whereas the maximal anthropogenic Freon gas emissions occur in the Northern Hemisphere. Refrigeration industry also should have asked the following question: How about natural ozone being emitted in huge quantities (several orders of magnitude higher than anthropogenic) into the atmosphere as a result of volcano eruptions over the subduction ozone of the oceanic tectonic plates? In conclusion, similar to the fight with the anthropogenic greenhouse gases emission, the problem of the ozone holes is not real.
Keynote Forum
Alexander Trofimov
International Scientific Research Institute of Cosmoplanetary Anthropoecology, Russia
Keynote: Climate changes are the result of heliophysical pressing during geomagnetic deprivation: New type of holograms and drinking water as effective preventive means
Time : 17:30-18:15
Biography:
Alexander Trofimov has completed his Doctor Diploma in Novosibirsk State Medical University in 1973 and degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences in 1998. He has served as Professor (1999), Academician of International Academy Energy-Informative Sciences (2001), Academician of ABI, USA (2010), General Director and Chief of Scientific Council of International Scientific Research Institute of Cosmoplanetary Anthropoecology (ISRICA), named after academician V.P. Kaznacheev (1994-2016) and Chief of Laboratory Helioclimatopathology of Science Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine of Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Medical Science (until 2010 year). His basic research interests include heliobiology, cosmic anthropoecology, geoecology, geophysics, helioclimatopathology and preventive medicine.
Abstract:
We believe that recently in sequence of climatic and heliophysical events the state of our magnetosphere plays the main role. From the end of the 20th century the full vector of the magnetic field of the earth is gradually weakening and the buffering properties of the earth’s magnetosphere, which protects biosystems from excess solar proton-electron beams, are decreasing. Using modeled weakening of the geomagnetic field we had to answer the question: What are the possible biotropic consequences of heliophysical pressing for earth’s climate, human genes and health? Our main aim was to develop preventive non-medicinal technologies: Holograms of new type, drinking water “HELIO-STAR” and water with transmitted preventive information from high latitudes ice of last glacial period, more than 15000 years ago (holograms “AURORA”). At simulated weakening of the geomagnetic fields there were revealed significant associations of heliophysical parameters and parameters that reflect the activity of the brain, heart and other human functional systems with their dynamics under the influence of biotropic holographic information about different earth’s climatic periods. The phenomenon of increasing of human organism’s sensitivity to information concerning climatic changes during past epochs was opened. The non-medicinal means on the basis of holograms of new type and drinking water treated by light streams going through or reflected as mirrors from the climatic holograms, which reduce the excess heliomagnetic and meteotropic reactions of a man and promote prevention of crisis states (on an example of patients with hypertension) during solar and magnetic storms were developed and successfully tested.
- Land and Soil Sciences | Hydrological Sciences | Pollution and Environmental Issues | The Science of Climate Change, and the Anthropogenic Role
Location: Grand Ballroom D
Chair
Venkatachalam Ramaswamy
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA
Co-Chair
Judith M Tisdall
La Trobe University, Australia
Session Introduction
Judith M Tisdall
La Trobe University, Australia
Title: Winter weeds add organic matter to soil in orchards
Time : 13:45-14:15
Biography:
Judith M Tisdall has experience in basic and applied research in soils. She was awarded JK Taylor Medal for excellence in research and communication (2012). Her 52 papers have been cited 3487 times in the scientific literature (HI=18). She was the first to recognize the mycorrhizal effect on soil aggregation. She led a project on soil management for crops in Indonesia that enabled farmers to double their incomes. She contributed to new soil management for fruit trees on Tatura Trellis. She is an Editor-in-Chief of Soil & Tillage Research and is a Member of Editorial Board of Agronomy.
Abstract:
Fruit trees need soft stable soil (with plenty of organic matter) in the tree-line to enable feeder roots to grow and take up water and nutrients in summer. Why does a plant bother to produce roots? The plant uses energy, carbon, nutrients and water to produce the roots. Why? The plant needs roots for uptake and storage of nutrients and water, anchorage and production of hormones and phytoelexins (defense against pathogens). Organic matter (OM) helps to supply most of these needs and ranges from living plants and animals (>0.25 mm diameter), to highly decomposed humic materials (<2 µm diameter). OM provides: (1) Nutrients to plants, (2) Nutrients, carbon and energy to the many organisms in soil, (3) Buffers soil against rapid changes in chemistry, (4) Acts as slow-release fertilizer and (5) Improves soil structure. The rhizosphere (near the root surface) supports a large population of organisms; all part of OM. Winter weeds are an easy way of adding OM to soil in the tree-line. Living roots of weeds continually exude simple organic materials, then die and are replaced by new roots. The grower should allow weeds to grow in the traffic-line in winter but kill them with herbicide in summer, so they will not compete with the tree roots for nutrients, water and space. The grower should slash dead weeds in the traffic-line and throw them onto the tree-line as mulch. Soil animals gradually mix the organic mulch with the soil and avoid tillage. The mulch also decreases evaporation from the surface and protects the soil from heavy rain and lethal high temperatures in summer. This enables feeder tree roots to grow in soft stable soil and the trees to produce high yields.
Dragutin T Mihailovic
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Title: Kolmogorov complexity based measures applied to the analysis of different river flow regimes
Time : 14:15-14:45
Biography:
Dragutin T Mihailovic is a Professor in Meteorology and Environmental Fluid Mechanics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia. He was the Visiting Professor at University at Albany, The State University of New York at Albany, USA, Visiting Scientist at University of Agriculture, Wageningen, Netherlands and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway. He has more than 100 peer-reviewed scientific papers in the international journals in subjects related to land-atmosphere processes, air pollution modeling and chemical transport models, boundary layer meteorology, physics and modeling of environmental interfaces, modeling of complex biophysical systems, nonlinear dynamics and complexity. He has edited and wrote seven books. He was the Member of the Editorial Board of Environmental Modeling and Software (1992-2010) and Reviewer in several scientific journals. He was the Principal Investigator in many international projects with USA and several European countries.
Abstract:
Scientists in different fields study behavior of rivers, which is significantly influenced by human activities, climatic change and many other factors that change mass and energy balance of the rivers. Influenced by the aforementioned factors, the river flow may range from being simple to complex, fluctuating in both time and space. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the nature of complexity in river flow processes, in particular in different parts of its course that cannot be done by traditional mathematical statistics which requires the use of different measures of complexity. It seems that one of the key problems in hydrology is that instead of use of complexity measures in analysis of river flow, hydrologists rather use traditional statistical methods, which are not usually adequate since they are mostly based on assumptions which cannot find a niche in complex systems analysis. We have used the Kolmogorov complexities and the Kolmogorov complexity spectrum to quantify the randomness degree in river flow time series of seven rivers with different regimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing their different type of courses, for the period 1965-1986. We have calculated the Kolmogorov Complexity (KC) based on the Lempel-Ziv Algorithm (LZA) (lower-KCL and upper-KCU), Kolmogorov complexity spectrum highest value (KCM) and overall Kolmogorov complexity (KCO) values for each time series. The results indicate that the KCL, KCU, KCM and KCO values in seven rivers show some similarities regardless of the amplitude differences in their monthly flow rates. The KCL, KCU and KCM complexities as information measures do not see a difference between time series which have different amplitude variations but similar random components. However, it seems that the KCO information measures better takes into account both the amplitude and the place of the components in a time series.
George Chilingar
University of Southern California, USA
Title: Origin of Ice Ages
Time : 14:45-15:15
Biography:
George Chilingar is an American-Armenian Professor of Civil and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC). He has received his Bachelor’s degree and Master’s degree in Petroleum Engineering and PhD in Geology, all at USC. He has published 72 books and over 500 articles on geology, petroleum engineering and environmental engineering.
Abstract:
The near-surface temperatures of the Earth are strongly affected by the precession angle (Ψ). Precession, in a revolving body, occurs due to the deviation of its mass distribution from the complete arrival symmetry. Precession angle affects the Earth’s climate. Decrease of the precession angle is accompanied by a noticeable cooling of the climate. Glaciation emerges as soon as the Earth’s average temperature reaches some critical value. As a result of the interaction between the Moon and Earth during the Pleistocene time, slow (but orderly) climate cooling episodes occurred periodically. The cooling periods lasted about 100,000-120,000 years and magnitude of cooling was 8-10 oC. After the formation of thick ice covers, the climate warmed up by the same amount after a few thousand years. Glaciation degraded just as rapidly. Thus, Sorokhtin et al. (2010) were able to forecast the climate changes in the future. In the future (2020), despite releases of atmospheric gases, there will be a severe cooling down period.
Enrique Posada
INDISA-HATCH, Colombia
Title: Analysis of the temperature changes in the Aburra Valley between 1995 and 2015 and model based on urban, meteorological and energetic parameters
Time : 15:15-15:45
Biography:
Enrique Posada is a Mechanical Engineer, completed his Master’s degree in ME from the University of Maine, USA (1973). He holds Master’s degree in Film Critics and Diplomas in Technology Management at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil and in Corporate Environmental Management at CDG. He was the Director of Research and Development for Nubiola Colombia Pigmentos S.A., with responsibilities in environmental issues, the development of three new production plants and numerous studies and developments in the various chemical and physical processes. He has also worked at Hatch Indisa S.A., a project engineering company, as a Project Manager and Specialist in Environmental, Energy and Fluids Topics.
Abstract:
There is a perception among the inhabitants of the Aburra Valley Region, that the zone has been suffering big temperature raises in the last years, especially in the last decade. To give perspective about this issue, the authors have gone through the available information about temperature changes on three meteorological stations and have correlated it with a set of variables of urban, climatic and energetic nature with the intention of developing an approximate model to understand the temperature changes. Raises in the mean temperature, based on the linear tendencies were estimated on 0.47 °C for the 20 years between 1995 and 2015; 60% of the raise is due to the local activity and 40% due the impact of global warming. Nevertheless it is a complex behavior, which has oscillations. In order to visualize and model the changes, it was necessary to linearize the behavior and understand the relation between the measuring stations, its geographical position and their altitude above the sea level. On the most representative station of the urban impact, the linearized temperature behavior was correlated with the mentioned variables. The differences between the temperatures and their linearized changes were acceptably correlated with global and local climatic influences. Significant results allowed understanding the city impact and its energetic performance on the temperature.
Biography:
Eko Budi Lelono has completed his PhD in 2000 from Royal Holloway, University of London, UK. Currently he is a Senior Researcher in the Exploration Division of R&D Center for Oil and Gas Technology “LEMIGAS”, a government research institution under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
Most researchers agree that Pleistocene is characterized by glacial and inter glacial periods which are strongly related to dry/cool and wet/warm climates. Apparently these are reflected on their pollen records. The period of dry climate (glacial climate) is characterized by abundant Gramineae pollen, whilst the period of wetter climate (interglacial climate) is indicated by an increase of coastal and mangrove palynomorphs but greatly reduced frequencies of Gramineae pollen. On the contrary, previous works on the Pleistocene sediments of Java indicated high abundance of grass pollen along this age marking drier climate condition. This paper publishes the study which is intended to evaluate paleoclimate of Java and other area of Indonesia during Pleistocene. For this purpose, some well samples from East Java and Papua were collected. Standard laboratory preparation was employed to extract pollen from the cutting samples. This study applies quantitative method which allows detail climate change interpretation. This study shows that Pleistocene of East Java is characterized by abundant grass pollen of Monoporites annulatus which may correspond to the period of expansion of savanna vegetation coinciding with glacial period. Moreover, it is indicated by abundant charred Gramineae cuticles which are derived from burning grass. This might have been caused by extreme heat which could relate to the volcanic activities existed in East Java. Slightly different record appears in Papua which shows repetition of dry/wet condition or low/high sea level. The moist climate related to the phase of sea level rise is marked by abundant brackish pollen which possibly represented interglacial period. It is also supported by the increase of peat swamp and freshwater palynomorphs. On the other hand, dry climate representing glacial period is defined by significant decrease of these brackish and freshwater elements.
Taehoon Koh
Korea Railroad Research Institute, South Korea
Title: Energy saving remediation of lubricating oil-contaminated soil by microwave thermal desorption technology
Time : 16:30-17:00
Biography:
Taehoon Koh has completed his PhD from Purdue University, USA. He is a Civil Engineer and Chief Researcher studying new construction materials and methods at Korea Railroad Research Institute. He has developed eco-friendly construction materials (concrete), fast construction technology for concrete structure and low-carbon remediation technology for polluted geotechnical materials. He has published more than 90 technical papers, registered over 20 patents and received paper awards and research awards.
Abstract:
Thermal treatment is one of the effective methods to rapidly treat the oil-contaminated soil. However this method costs much due to the high energy consumption comparing with other conventional treatments. Microwave is recently regarded as an energy source to enhance the energy efficiency for the thermal treatment of the oil-contaminated soil. In this study, the feasibility of microwave thermal desorption technology was investigated to treat the polluted lubricating oil-contaminated soil. Microwave thermal desorption technology has been recently developed in Korea as a technically-effective as well as cost-effective technology for the remediation of lubricating oil-polluted soil. This technology uses microwave and microwave absorber as an energy source to enhance the energy efficiency for the thermal treatment of the lubricating oil-contaminated soil. Based on a series of field test results from this study, it was found that microwave thermal desorption technology can substantially reduce the remediation cost of oil-contaminated soil with low electric power consumption and contribute to low CO2 emission.
Govindasamy Agoramoorthy
Tajen University, Taiwan
Title: Small dams mitigate climate change in dry lands
Time : 17:00-17:30
Biography:
Govindasamy Agoramoorthy is a Distinguished Research Professor at Tajen University in Taiwan. His research ranges from environment to sustainable development. He has carried out research in Asia, Africa and South America for over 30 years. He serves as the Editorial Board Member of Journal for Nature Conservation (Elsevier) and Associate Editor of Frontiers in Environmental Science. Between 1989 and 1993, he served as a Visiting Scientist at Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC). He also serves as Tata Visiting Chair in India and has authored 25 books, 80 book chapters and 250 research papers published in peer-reviewed journals.
Abstract:
India is one among the many water-starved nations of the world and it increasingly faces declining surface and groundwater resources while the usage continues to escalate aggressively in recent decades. Although the annual monsoons bring enough rain, most of the rainwater cannot be harvested and stored due to inadequate water storage facilities. The world water use has tripled since the 1950s, so politicians have met this increasing water demand by building more big dams that alarmed environmentalist due to various negative side effects that range from loss of farmlands to repatriation of millions of displaced people. So, the question is, can big dams resolve all the looming water shortages and climate change consequences? What about building more eco-friendly small dams across all rivers? Can they mitigate climate change? A small non-profit agency in India has assisted over 1,000 villages in the semi-arid regions of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh States to build cost-effective check dams in rivers to harvest rain water for three decades. Water saved through the check dams not only transformed the infertile dry lands into productive agricultural lands but also increased ground water recharge ultimately benefiting the environment. This model has remarkable potential to be replicated in developing countries to reduce irrigation water stress and river water conflicts.