Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Alexander Trofimov
International Scientific Research Institute of Cosmoplanetary Anthropoecology, Russia
Keynote: SCIENTIFIC DECLARATION ABOUT THE URGENCY OF GLOBAL GEOECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR HUMANITY SURVIVAL AT THE EPOCH OF COSMOPLANETARY AND CLIMATE CHANGES
Time : 9:00- 9:30 AM
Biography:
Alexander Trofimov has completed his MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1998 from Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. During many years he was (until 2010) Chief of laboratory of Helio-climatopathology of Scientific Centre of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (SB RAMS, Novosibirsk). From 1994 and now he is the Director of International Scientific-Research Institute of Cosmic Anthropoecology (Russia, Novosibirsk). He has 7 patents, published 6 monographs and more than 60 papers in reputed journals such as Arctic Medicine, Journal of Circumpolar Health, Journal of Earth Science and Climatic Change, Journal of US-China Medical Science, Clinical Medicine Research, Open Access Scientific Reports and many others. His biography was published by “WHO is WHO” in Russia at 2013 year.
Abstract:
Strengthening of the world's technocratic tendencies, depleting the energy resources of the Earth, combined with heliogeophysical and climatic transformations that include changes in space-time coordinates of the solar system are influencing on the biosphere and will have significant evolutional consequences for humanity. rn Participants of the Pre Conference Workshop, Novosibirsk, support the Solutions of "climate summit", held in Paris in November-December 2015, and calls for an expansion of scientific research of natural systems and processes, the strict implementation of the decisions adopted at the summit, to the development of scientific and technological control under emissions of "greenhouse gases" and to the development of the complex of the programs and means, having adaptive and protective properties for a man.rn In conditions of cosmoplanetary and climate change, threatening the growth of morbidity and mortality and even the existence of mankind, it is necessary to create a Global system of geoecological life-support, international, interdisciplinary program that provides monitoring of technogeophysical and heliophysical environment, long-term forecast of "cosmic weather", the development of non-medicinal protective technologies, and the creation of new research institutes of bio-helio-geoecology.rn Water, as an indicator of the state of cosmic-aqua-sphere should become an essential element of the Global System of geoecological life support that is capable to protect the biosphere and humanity from extreme technogenic and heliophysical impacts in conditions of natural geomagnetic deprivation and climatic collisions. rn . Long-term cycle of ISRICA scientific research, directed to modeling of psycho-biotropic effects of the weakened geomagnetic field and condensed flows of "energy-time", allowed to develop and test in Russia and Bulgaria the effective light-water-holographic helioprotective means, patented by ISRICA, ready to wide industrial production and use throughout the world. rn It is necessary to accelerate the scientific development and introduction of helio-geno-gero-protective technologies, computer diagnostics systems such as a "Helios" (Ltd "Biokvant", Novosibirsk, Russia), and other complex methods, designating new horizons of conservation of gene pool of humanity, human adaptation to changing climatic-helio- geophysical conditions and the improvement of people health on the basis of the development of principles of noosphere- preventive medicine and spiritual harmonization of the person. rn This Declaration was adopted at the Pre Conference Workshop of OMICS GROUP conference «Earth Science and Climate Change» unanimously by 32 participants (speakers and guests of the discussion table, figures of science, culture and business) from 4 countries (Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Italy), including from 7 cities in Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yakutsk, Voronezh, Saratov and Tomsk) December 25, 2015 in Russia, Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, ISRICA named after Academician VP Kaznacheev.rn
Keynote Forum
Venkatachalam Ramaswamy
Princeton University, USA
Keynote: Earth’s climate change in the 20th and 21st Centuries: The phenomenon of global warming and its impacts
Time : 08:00-08:45
Biography:
V Ramaswamy is the Director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, located in Princeton (New Jersey), USA. He has published more than 150rnpeer-reviewed papers, won prestigious awards, and has been a Coordinating Lead Author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group Irnreports, and has been a Vice-Chair of the Joint Scientific Committee of the World Climate Reserach Program. He is also a Lecturer with the rank of Professor in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program at Princeton University (USA), and teaches a popular graduate course in Atmospheric Physics.
Abstract:
The emissions of greenhouse gases due to human influences has caused perturbations in the Earth system, initiating majorrnchanges in the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming. Other factors such as aerosol emissions and land-usernchange also due to human activity, along with changes in solar radiation and volcanic eruptions causing aerosol increases,rnhave also affected the planetary heat balance. In this presentation, we discuss how each of the natural and anthropogenicrnfactors has contributed to alteration of the Earth system from global to continental to regional scales. The climate variablesrnof particular interest for societal impacts are temperature, precipitation, and weather extremes. For this investigation, we usernstate-of-the-art numerical models of the climate system that were employed in the Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on ClimaternChange Assessment (2013), together with observations drawn from multiple platforms (surface, satellite, aircraft). We analyzernthe key drivers over the 20th Century, the impacts they have generated, and the unresolved issues. We then explore the impactsrnthat are expected in the 21st Century. In the context of both the 20th and 21st Centuries, we discuss the impacts expected due tornglobal warming and the significance of the resulting climate change for extremes in weather, e.g., heat waves, tropical storms,rnsea-level rise, forest fires, droughts, excess rainfall. This brings to the fore the connection between the scientific understandingrnof global warming based on rigor and the manner in which climate change impacts society, including that arising due to thernnonstationary behavior of the changes.
- Climate Change | Global Warming | Earthquakes and Other Natural Hazards
Location: Busarakam Ballroom 1
Session Introduction
Yuri Yevdokimov
University of New Brunswick, Canada
Title: Economic consequences of climate change impacts on road transportation network in Atlantic Canada
Biography:
Yuri Yevdokimov is a Professor at the University of New Brunswick (Fredericton, Canada). He has completed his both degrees in Economics and Engineering. He holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Economics and Civil Engineering. He has acquired his degrees in three different countries: Former Soviet Union (MSc equivalent in Engineering and PhD equivalent in Economics), USA (MSc in Economics) and Canada (PhD in Economics). His research interests lie in the field of sustainable development particularly sustainable transportation and sustainable energy. His work has been published in academic journals and conference proceedings in USA, Canada, Spain, Croatia, Indonesia, France, Greece, Germany, India and former USSR, particularly in Russia and Ukraine. He has more than 20 publications to his credit; one monograph, thirteen refereed journal articles and nine chapters in books are among these publications. Since 1999, he has taught energy economics and transportation economics for graduate and undergraduate students at the University of New Brunswick in Canada.
Abstract:
Climate change impacts such as an increase in mean temperature, change in precipitation patterns and sea level rise are affecting regional road transportation network in Atlantic Canada. Those impacts cause direct and indirect economic consequences for the network and regional economy. In our study, we constructed a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGEM) to trace these consequences over time. Basic principles of the designed CGEM are discussed and the model’s architecture is presented. The model’s elements are estimated and the obtained CGEM is tested with exogenously imposed shocks. Dynamics of regional temperature, precipitation and sea level is analyzed on the basis of comprehensive time series analysis. This dynamics is imposed on the designed CGEM as external productivity shocks. Some preliminary cumulative economic consequences are evaluated in monetary terms to obtain benchmarks for the mitigation measures associated with future development of the regional road transportation network.
Biography:
Dr. Paul A. Comet has degrees in in Geology, Micropaleontology from London University (QMC) & a PhD in Organic Geochemistry from the School of Chemistry, Bristol University, UK. His postdoctoral work at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne was concerned with hydrous pyrolysis of kerogen analysis using Ocean Drilling Project samples, specifically oriented to terpenoid stereochemical pressure/ temperature transformations. He has worked in the oil service industry as a petroleum geochemist at Core Labs. Singapore & Indonesia & as an inorganic geochemist at Halliburton recently, working on the mineralogy of unconventional reservoirs. He also worked at Texas A & M (GERG) as an associate research scientist mapping the oils of the Gulf of Mexico. He has more than 40 publications & has been working for more than 10 years on solutions for ameliorating climate change.
Abstract:
The observation of the NASA “ecosphere” allows one to mentally model a carbon – neutral, sustainable society, that uses all its waste as a source of stored energy (where city & state replace the shrimps!) as well as sunlight, wind etc. The creation of an alternative energy – based currency “photonic dollar” is suggested that would gradually outcompete the petrodollar as domestic waste to energy & other alternative energy devices are attached to a communal electric grid (that also functions as a bank) that gradually replace fossil fuel energy. “Superorganism” theory is advocated as a way of distributing resources in an effective manner and as a way of understanding the complexities of how human society functions in a holistic manner. Societal ills then become diagnosable in terms of a malfunction of the entire social and economic system. The interposing of a separate economic “tier” specifically for alternative resources and energy is suggested as a non-revolutionary way of creating sustainable employment. These ideas are proposed because neither the theories of Adam Smith nor Karl Marx address the waste problem, nor clearly identify the “energy nature” of capital. If this new combination of models is successful in solving climate change problems, then economic philosophical differences between competing nation states might prove to be resolvable.
Posada R Enrique
INDISA S.A, Colombia
Title: Lowering of CO2 emissions based on higher consciousness and good human habits
Biography:
Posada R Enrique is a Mechanical Engineer. He has completed his Master’s in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maine, USA. He is currently a Project Director and Technical and Innovation Advisor for INDISA S.A., an engineering project company from Medellín, Colombia. He has been involved in environmental research for more than 40 years, at the university, community and industrial level. He has written several books on creativity, environmental ethics and energy managing.
Abstract:
The CO2 emissions generated by the human body are large but most people are not aware of this. They are not aware enough of the indirect CO2 emissions generated by activities directly related to human habits. We have estimated the direct CO2 emissions and examined some of the indirect effects. We postulate that when people see themselves as producers of CO2 emissions coming from their metabolic activities and are aware that through simple good practices and habits, those emissions could diminish, there is going to be a real lowering of them. We believe that many social mechanisms are going to be triggered if people develop good and conscious practices in the following major aspects: Listening, feeling, good communications, writing and reading, gentle exercise, appreciation and recognition of people, of self and nature, slow and conscious eating, meditation, chanting, conversation, friendship and sharing. All these habits will help regulate metabolic oxygen use, decrease human body CO2 emissions, diminish food use and help avoiding waste. If these changes occur synchronized with conscious behavior and high quality attention, the effect is going to be permanent and is going to be associated with states of happiness, personal and group pride and satisfaction.
Siqiong Luo
Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, China
Title: Frozen ground temperature trends associated with climate change in the Tibetan Plateau three river source region from 1980 to 2014
Biography:
Siqiong Luo is a associate professor in Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. Her current research focuses on land surface processes and interactions with the atmosphere, frozen-thaw features of frozen soil in the Tibetan Plateau, freeze-thaw processes and impact on regional climate.
Abstract:
The long-term trend in soil temperatures at depths of 0 cm to 320 cm, collected in the Three River Source Region (TRSR) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1981 to 2014, was used to examine the relationship between regional climate change and soil temperature. In addition, air temperature, precipitation, maximum depth of frozen ground and maximum depth of snow were analysed for trends, and for correlations with soil temperatures. During these 35 years, there was a warming trend in the TRSR. Significant soil warming was detected. The increasing rates of increase was 0.706℃ decade-1 for surface soil (0 cm), 0.477℃ decade-1 for shallow layer soil (5 to 20 cm) and 0.417℃ decade-1 for deep layer soil (40 to 320 cm) in the TRSR of the TP. There was a clear effect of air temperature on soil temperature, as evident from the concurrent significant increases in the air and soil temperature trends and the strong correlation between them. The relationship between precipitation and soil temperatures was very complicated. More precipitation on the ground also resulted higher soil temperatures in summer in the frozen soil. The process of freezing and thawing had an inhibitory effect on the increase in soil temperature. The warming trends of soil temperature will continue to rise with the degradation of frozen soil.
Ali Arman
National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Title: Linear extension rates of massive corals from Nusa Penida, Bali (Coral Triangle Initiatiave region) in relation to climate change
Biography:
Ali Arman has completed his PhD on Marine Science from Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. He is a Senior Researcher in the Application of Nuclear Technology in Marine and Environment. He is working at Center for Isotopes and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia since 1993. His research in last 5 years has focused on climate change and sclerochronology.
Abstract:
Massive reef-building scleractinian corals which are roughly limited to shallow tropical seas, have the potential for providing detailed information about past climate change and the response to environmental change. The coral skeletons are composed of calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral aragonite. These corals are long-lived (multi century), and their skeletons exhibit distinct annual banding. A couplet of high and low density bands provides an annual chronology that can be used to restrospectively measure the age and coral growth rates. In this study, we analyzed two coral Porites spp (P1 and P2) and one coral Diploastrea Heliopora (D1) from Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia (Coral Triangle Initiative area) to evaluate annual linear extension rates. Coral samples were collected using pneumatic drill and it was obtained that the length of corals of P1, P2 and D1 is 1.5 m, 0.86 m and 1 m, respectively. Samples were then sliced along the coral length and x-ray radiographed. The linear extension rate was determined using Coral-XDS software. The result shows that the age of P1, P2 and D1 is 96 years, 85 years and 116 years, and the average of linear extension rate is 1.19 ± 0.29 cm/y, 1.05 ± 0.32 cm/y, and 0.74 ± 0.27 cm/y respectively. All corals have the trend of decreasing in linear extension rates as the sea surface temperature increased. Moreover, significant decrease was identified during the El-nino in 1997- 1998, 1992-1993, 1986-1987, 1982-1983, 1972-1973 and 1957-1958.
Xianhong Meng
Chinese Academy of Science, China
Title: Analysis of spatial distribution and temporal trend of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau from 1978 to 2013
Biography:
Xianhong Meng has completed her PhD from Chinese Academy of Science and Post-doctoral studies from University of New South Wales, Australia. She has published more than 29 papers and was PI of more than 7 research fundings in land-atmosphere interactions in China.
Abstract:
A purely multi-decadal satellite-based soil moisture product that spans over 35 years (from November 1978 to December 2013) on a daily basis and at a spatial resolution of 0.25° globally was generated as part of the European Space Agency’s (ESA)Water Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy (WACMOS) and Soil Moisture Climate Change Initiative (CCI) projects. In this work, we firstly evaluate this new product against observations of a soil moisture network on the central Tibetan Plateau. It shows that the soil moisture product agrees well with the observations. Then trend over 35 years of soil moisture was analyzed. It was found that the spatial pattern of the changing trend of soil moisture coincides with the precipitation overall on the Tibetan Plateau.
Desell Suanburi
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Title: Integrated geophysical and bioengineering techniques to protect landslide hazards at the South and North of Thailand
Biography:
Desell Suanburi has graduated Maters in Geophysics in 1994 from the Flinders University of South Australia. He is presently working as an Assistant Professor at Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. He is an Expert in applied Geophysics in groundwater and mineral resources, engineering foundation including geohazards. He is also working as a Committee of Research and Development for landslide protection on highland slopes project under the King’s Royally Iniative landslide (the Chaipattana Foundation).
Abstract:
Geophysical and bioengineering approaches were applied at two landslide risk sites i.e., Ban Natham, Suratthani province and Ban Phamub, Uttaradit province operating under the Chaipattana Foundation. The collapse of only one access road to Ban Natham community was happened on March 2011 while Ban Phamub area was damaged on May 2006. 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction surveys were introduced to investigate subsurface feature e.g., depth of top soil, fracture in bedrock and moisture zone, at the current access road at Ban Natham site and at highland mountain behind Ban Phamub community. Risk position can be identified as 20 m thick top soil (lose rock fragment) as low resistivity (≈20 Ωm) and velocity of 400 m/s. Slope stability management was attempted with flapped soil bag wall then infiltrating with native plant and vetiver grass. Various high risk places appears on highland mountain range behind Phamub community were recommended for warning system. Flapped soil bag wall and infiltrating with native plant and vetiver grass were created at downstream to conserve threat stream bank. Extended procedures were performed at Ban Phadeh School, Tak province where school buildings were damaged on 27 July 1912 by ground movement due to shallow thin clay seam saturated with water from heavy rain. Damaged zone have been improved by construction and vetiver grass planting. 2D resistivity and IP imaging and mapping techniques can locate clay seam portion (low resistivity <10 Ωm and IP >10 mv/v) inside the school area which will help in future land use management.
Rahul Verma
Pachhunga University College, India
Title: Failure mechanism of Rangwamual Landslide, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
Biography:
Rahul Verma has completed his PhD from Banaras Hindu University, India and possesses more than 15 years of teaching and research experience along with 4 years of industrial experience. He is a senior faculty member of Department of Geology, Mizoram University, India. He has published 25 papers in reputed journals/edited volumes and is author of 2 books. Recently, he has received a national award for excellence in science. Also, he has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of few journals of repute.
Abstract:
Mizoram is one of the most landslide prone states of India. Majority of the landslides in the state, are triggered by the natural factors like climate, physiography and geoenvironment. The prime causes of the landslides in the state can be listed as rugged topography, Tertiary sedimentary geology, steeper slopes, heavy rainfall and location in Seismic zone–V. The rock types of the region consist of sandstones and shales of Bhuban Formation of Surma Group (Middle Miocene), and are very prone to weathering & erosion and subsequent failure under external factors. The present case study pertains to the analyses of the “failure mechanism” of “Rangwamual Landslide” of Aizawl District of Mizoram, India which falls on the very strategic National Highway No.44 A, connecting Aizawl town to the state’s only airport at Lengpui. The slide location lies between latitudes 23º44´57.8”N and 23º45’02.8’’N and longitudes 92º41’40.76” and 92º41’42.51” E. The slide occurred in the first week of November; 2014. The failure mechanism of the present slide has been revealed on the basis of integrated analyses of field database using Survey of India Toposheet No.84 A/9 at 1:20000 scale and GIS database (Satellite Data IRS P6/ LISS4 -5.8 Mts. Resolution) using ARCGIS 9.3. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) show a variation of elevation from lowest 593 to highest 1153 in the slide section. Both, TIN & DEM models clearly indicate that, from the central ridge, the maximum decline in elevation is in west south west and west direction. Beds also dip due west in general and the dip direction also coincides with the slope trend. The “rose diagram” plotted for the beds of the slide section, show a “mean direction of 272.8°. The slope generated with CARTOSAT digital elevation model with the help of Arc Map tools, also reveals maximum steepness of the slope from the central ridge, in the same mean direction. Intercalation of shale and sandstone as the prominent lithology, is found to dip due westward where the highway lies. The heavy monsoonal rainfall of more than 500 mm, between June to October, 2014, had triggered the slope disequilibrium and weakening of the slope material. The rain water seeped into the shale – sandstone contacts following the dip direction and it led to the reduction in cohesive strength by adding weight to the slope material and thereby reducing the angle of repose. The weakened slope material slided down under the conjugate factorial effect of dip, slope, lithological interface and rainfall.
Biography:
Shahnaz Jamil obtained her PhD degree in the year 1998 from Lalit Narayan Mithila University. She has guided 2 research scholars for their PhD degree and five research scholars are registered. She has attended several seminars, symposia and conferences at the national level. She has published 12 papers in reputed journals. She is a life member of “Indian Science Congress” and “Indian Botanical Society”.
Abstract:
Climatic change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth’s surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is causing climate pattern to change. The probable net result of global warming and changes in atmospheric chemistry though air pollution and other natural sources would be climate changes at local, regional and global levels including both short term and long changes in weather and climate. With rapid climate change one fourth of Earth’s species could head for extinction by 2050. Climate change is already beginning to transform life on earth. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperature. This is caused primarily by an increase in “green house” gases such as CO2. The climate changes caused by green house effect due to higher concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere are primarily related to the pattern of energy transfer and its uses of world over. These changes result in the increase of temperature of the surface of the earth and the lower atmosphere. The trend of increasing atmospheric CO2 enhances the green house effect which raises the temperature of the earth’s surface. The net result of all the variation is the gradual increase of the temperature of the earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere which causes changes in the climatic condition at local through regional to global level. The long term challenge of stabilizing the atmospheric concentration of the green house effect requires that global emission be significantly lowered than what they are today. If we do not act now, climate change will rapidly alter the lands and waters we all depend upon for survival, leaving our children and grand children with a very different world.
Isadora Sau Lan Mack
Charles Darwin University, Australia
Title: Uranocatharsis project, space debris as cloud-sculptures shading our planet
Biography:
Ioannis MICHALOUdiS had received his PhD in Visual Arts at the University of Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne in 1998. His aer( )sculpture project was started in 2001 while he realised his Art&Science research at MIT. The creation of sculptures using silica aerogel, this NASA’s nanomaterial having the appearance of a fragment of sky, is the aim of MICHALOUdiS.
Abstract:
Our title Uranocatharsis is an invented word from Uranos (“sky”) and catharsis (“cleansing”, “purgation”). This paper and our in situ installation will present our concept of clearing the sky from orbital debris, not by reentering them into our atmosphere, but by using them as clouds for shading our overheated planet. The idea of this paper derives from the famous dialogue between Alexander the Great and Diogénis the Cynic. “What favor would you want me to do for you?” asks the conqueror. And the philosopher gives him the legendary reply: “aposkótisón me” “move a little bit aside because you hide me the sun”. Already, as we read this abstract, space debris is hiding part of the sunlight from us: two main debris fields are in space: first the ring of objects in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) then the cloud of objects in low earth orbit (LEO). If the removal of the debris is exorbitant and nobody wants to collect the junk left by others, then we risk completely hiding the sun from Earth… Nevertheless, what if instead of blaming others for the space debris, we collect this waste and we form some giant space sculptures having the forms of enormous clouds/parasols? Then we could place them over the most exposed to the sunlight areas of our planet. This discussion will be developed based on one of our artworks titled hEartH created by using the space technology nanomaterial silica aerogel, the lightest solid on the world and the best known heat insulator.
K M P Perera
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Title: Estimation of carbon fluxes for the South Asian region using maximum likelihood ensemble filter (MLEF)
Biography:
K M P Perera has completed her BSc with a special degree in Statitics from University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka and MSc from University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. She is a Lecturer in Statistics in the Department of Statistics of University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
Abstract:
Climate change is a critical environmental issue closely linked with the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Among those, CO2 plays the main role in greenhouse effect. During past two decades, greenhouse gas emissions from Asian countries have been increasing rapidly particularly due to industrialization and population growth. Therefore, it is vital to estimate the CO2 fluxes with high precision for Asian region which still remains poorly quantified due to lack of observations. In this study, we introduce a pseudodata experiment to test the performance of a global assimilation system, Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF), on estimating the carbon fluxes by assimilating CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner) measurements, which mainly cover the Asian region, in addition to existing flasks and continuous measurements. The experimet is carried out with the artificilly generated biases for the CO2 fluxes. Hourly land fluxes (Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE)) derived from Simple Bioshere-version 3 (SiB3) model, Takahashi ocean fluxes and Brenkert fossil fuel emissions are the fluxes used. Slowly varying biases defined in monthly scale are recoved by estimating those for one year using MLEF coupled with Parametric Chemistry Transport Model (PCTM). The transport model is run at 2.5o longitude and 2o latitude spatial resolution with 25 vertical levels. Results of the pseudo data experiment show better agreement in between the recovered and the true mean annual fluxes. In the future, this model will be used with real observations to identify carbon sinks and sources globally.
Shuling Lin
Guangzhou University, China
Title: Phenological characteristics of Ficus microcarpa under climate range
Biography:
Shuling Lin has completed her PhD in 2008 from South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Now she is a teacher of Geography Science, Guangzhou University. She has already published more than 10 first-author papers. Her research focuses on the relationship between plant phenology and climate change; comprehensive evaluation of human settlement quality.
Abstract:
Relationship between plant phenology and climate change has become an important topic under global climate warming. Phenology is a plant growth progress that is largely driven by meteorological conditions. Phenological changes are vital indicators for changes in climate and other enviromental conditions. Ficus microcarpa is widely distributed throughout the tropic and subtropics. We recorded the flowering phenology and resource allocation of female flowers of F. microcarpa over a period of 12 months at the two edges of its range, Guangzhou, China and Townsville, Australia, and the results showed F. microcarpa exhibited different phenological patterns under different climate pattern. There were 1-4 crops in the year at the northern edge, Guangzhou, and most individual trees exhibited intra-tree asynchronous flowering, and typically bore many synconia at different developmental phases, especially during particularly cool dry months from November to March and hot wet months from August to September. On the contrary, F. microcarpa produced 1-3 crops per year, usually two at the southern edge, Townsville, and intra-tree asynchronous flowering rarely occurred. Phenological patterns of F. microcarpa in different environments were summarized according to previous studies and local climate characteristic, and Janzen’s hypotheses of adaptations to seasonality was tested and criticized. Then a supplementary hypothesis was presented: within-tree asynchronous flowering was adaptation to adverse conditions, including low temperature, violent rain, gale etc.
Eko Budi Lelono
LEMIGAS, Indonesia
Title: Cooling event in the boundary of Middle/Late Eocene of Java
Biography:
Eko Budi Lelono has completed his PhD in the year 2000 from Royal Holloway, University of London. He is now a Senior Researcher in the Exploration Division of R&D Center for Oil and Gas Technology “LEMIGAS”, a government research institution under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
The indication of Eocene climatic changes is defined based on the change of abundance and diversity of palynomorphs occurring in the Nanggulan Formation, especially those representing lowland/rain forest elements and climate indicators. This is possible because this formation has been found to yield the richest and most diverse palynomorph assemblages of Eocene age in Southeast Asia. Middle Eocene is characterized by high abundance and diversity of lowland/rain forest elements suggesting the expansion of forest in warm and wet conditions which include Palmaepollenites kutchensis, Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp., Retitricolporites equatorialis, Campnosperma sp., Marginipollis concinus and Dicolpopollis malesianus. On the other hand, Late Eocene is marked by regular appearance of grass pollen in significant reduction of rain forest elements indicating the development of savanna in cool and dry climate condition. This situation is also recorded in the Toraja Formation (South Sulawesi) and the Late Eocene succession of the Makassar Strait. The first occurrence of hinterland pollen of Podocarpidites spp. marking Middle/Late Eocene boundary confirms the cooling event within this boundary.
Alexander Trofimov
International Scientific Research Institute of Cosmic Anthropoecology, Russia
Title: Global geoecological system of human life-support in the epoch of cosmoplanetary and climatic changes
Biography:
Alexander Trofimov has completed his MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1998 from Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Medical Science. For many years, he was (until 2010) Chief of Laboratory of Helio-climatopathology of Scientific Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. From 1994 till now, he is the General Director and, from 2015, Chairman of Scientific Board of International Scientific Research Institute of Cosmoplanetary Anthropoecology, named after (from 2015) academician V P Kaznacheev. He has 7 patents, published 7 monographs and more than 70 papers in reputed journals. From 2012, he is the Academician of the American Biographical Institute (ABI).
Abstract:
The ongoing geomagnetic deprivation (weakening of the Earth’s magnetic field induction) increases the risk of deep penetration into the atmosphere and the biosphere secondary solar-galactic corpuscular streams (A. Dmitriev, 2015), that can cause genetic mutations with serious evolutionary consequences. There is need for the urgent development, testing and implementation of a global system of geoecological life-support of humanity as a multi-billion “crew of a spaceship”, entering the zone of cosmoplanetary danger for human health and life. The global life-support system should have some important elements tested by ISRICA during many years: 1) Creating a global network of Centers of Geoecological Security (CGS) on all continents; 2) Satellite monitoring of intensity of solar-galactic corpuscular streams with presenting the data in CGE; 3) Providing of CGS with modernized computer programs such as “Helios” (Russian Federation) and the tests to determine the individual-populational heliosensitivity of population of different countries; 4) Production of drinking helioprotective water by technology, developed by scientists of ISRICA (patent no. 2342149) on all continents; 5) Production of different food products (vegetables, fruits, honey, milk, etc.) with helioprotective properties on the basis of helioprotective water; 6) Creating a system of geoecological education (training personnel) and enlightenment of population; 7) Organization on the basis of university and other scientific centers laboratories, evaluating the effectiveness of the use of helioprotective drinking water and other food products by population; 8) Periodic reporting to international ecological organizations and joint reports at conferences of OMICS Group. Humanity, using “aqua diving suits”, that is, the means of geoecological life-support will be safe for evolution and existence, continue its “flow” in the epoch of such a considerable cosmoplanetary changes.